In one usage, a word stem is a form to which affixes can be attached. Uncovering and analyzing cognation between word stems and roots within and across languages has allowed comparative philology and comparative linguistics to determine the history of languages and language families. In most cases, a word stem is not modified during its inflection, while in some languages it can be modified ( apophony) according to certain morphological rules or peculiarities, such as sandhi: For example in Polish, miast-o ("city") and w mieść-e ("in the city") in English, sing, sang, and sung. In Athabaskan linguistics, for example, a verb stem is a root that cannot appear on its own and that carries the tone of the word. The term is used with slightly different meanings depending on the morphology of the language in question. In linguistics, a word stem is a part of a word responsible for its lexical meaning. London: Continuum International Publishing Group.Part of a word responsible for its lexical meaning Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction. An Introduction to Language and Linguistics. The Grammar of Words: An Introduction to Linguistic Morphology. Morphology trees show the internal structure of a word. There are two types as outlined below:īelow is a step-by-step guide to drawing a morphology tree: These are also called affixes as they are attached to the stem.
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